Battery technology has expanded from an electric-vehicle component into a global energy system. The figures below define the population, geography and period behind each measure, separating observed results from forecasts and policy scenarios.
Key Battery Technology Statistics
The most broadly useful battery technology figures include:
- More than 2,400 GWh of batteries were used in the global energy sector in 2023.
- More than 2,000 GWh of lithium-ion capacity was added worldwide over approximately 2019–2023.
- The associated added capacity powered an estimated 40 million electric vehicles worldwide over approximately 2019–2023.
- Electric vehicles represented more than 90% of global energy-sector battery use in 2023.
- Annual EV battery volumes exceeded 750 GWh worldwide in 2023.
- Global energy-sector battery demand reached 1 TWh in 2024.
- Global EV battery demand exceeded 950 GWh in 2024, 25% above 2023.
- Global battery-cell manufacturing capacity grew almost 30% in 2024 to more than 3 TWh per year.
- China held about 85% of global battery manufacturing capacity in 2024.
- LFP batteries made up nearly half of the global EV battery market in 2024.
- More than 40 GW of global power-sector battery storage was added in 2023, double the 2022 increase.
- Utility-scale projects represented 65% of global battery-storage additions in 2023.
- Worldwide battery storage deployment reached 108 GW in 2025, 40% more than in 2024.
- Average battery costs fell 90% globally from 2010 to 2023 or early 2024, depending on the IEA page context.
- Global battery investment reached USD 150 billion in 2023, including about USD 115 billion for EV batteries.
- Solid-state projects in installed, construction or final-investment-decision categories represented 1% of total battery manufacturing capacity in the 2024 context.
- Sodium-ion capacity in the same categories represented 4% of total battery manufacturing capacity in the 2024 context.
Contents
- Global battery technology demand and market scale
- Battery manufacturing capacity by country and producer
- Lithium-ion, LFP and NMC technology trends
- Battery storage adoption and grid applications
- Battery costs, investment and outlook
- Battery innovation, solid-state and sodium-ion data
Global Battery Technology Demand and Market Scale
The International Energy Agency’s energy-sector definition covers EV and storage batteries and excludes stockpiling and other applications unless stated. Demand generally means volume-weighted average battery size multiplied by vehicle sales, while manufacturing capacity means nominal yearly cell capacity.
- In 2023, total batteries used in the global energy sector exceeded 2,400 GWh.
- More than 2,000 GWh of lithium-ion capacity was added worldwide over approximately 2019–2023, associated with an estimated 40 million electric vehicles.
- EVs represented more than 90% of global energy-sector battery use in 2023, and annual EV battery volumes exceeded 750 GWh, mostly for passenger cars.
Source: Status of battery demand and supply — Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions.
In 2024, the global energy sector reached 1 TWh of battery demand. Global EV battery demand exceeded 950 GWh, 25% above 2023; electric cars accounted for more than 85% of that demand, while electric-truck demand grew more than 75% and reached nearly 3% of global EV battery demand.
Source: Electric vehicle batteries — Global EV Outlook 2025.
| Measure | Period and geography | Reported result |
|---|---|---|
| Energy-sector battery use | 2023, global | More than 2,400 GWh |
| EV battery volume | 2023, worldwide | More than 750 GWh |
| Energy-sector battery demand | 2024, global | 1 TWh |
| EV battery demand | 2024, global | More than 950 GWh |
The IEA projects global EV battery demand to exceed 3 TWh in 2030, up from about 1 TWh in 2024, under its Stated Policies Scenario. This forecast excludes non-EV and non-storage applications.
Battery Manufacturing Capacity Statistics by Country and Producer
Global battery-cell manufacturing capacity grew almost 30% in 2024, surpassing 3 TWh per year. China held about 85% of global capacity, while Chinese producers owned more than 75% when ownership was classified by producer headquarters.
| Geography or producer group | 2024 measure | Definition or limitation |
|---|---|---|
| China | About 85% of global capacity | Cell manufacturing capacity |
| Chinese producers | More than 75% | Ownership by producer headquarters |
| United States | Almost 50% growth | Cell manufacturing capacity |
| European Union | 10% growth | Installed capacity |
| India | More than 5 GWh/year | First plants, not national total |
| Indonesia | More than 10 GWh/year | First plants, not national total |
Korean companies accounted for nearly 70% of U.S. capacity growth in 2024, attributed to manufacturers attracted by tax credits. Korean manufacturers had more than 400 GWh of overseas capacity, compared with 60 GWh for Japanese producers and 30 GWh for Chinese producers.
Source: Electric vehicle batteries — Global EV Outlook 2025.
The IEA’s committed-project scenario puts global manufacturing capacity at about 6.5 TWh per year in 2030, up from 3.3 TWh in 2024; announced projects would exceed 9 TWh. China’s share could fall from 85% to about two-thirds, but these are forecasts dependent on committed projects.
Announced Korean overseas capacity could exceed 1.1 TWh by 2030 if projects are completed. In the European Union, Chinese producers’ share could rise from below 10% in 2024 to above 30% in 2030, while EU-based companies’ share could rise from 5% at the end of 2024 to 20%.
Lithium-Ion, LFP and NMC Battery Technology Trends
Chemistry shares vary sharply by market. LFP made up nearly half of the global EV battery market in 2024, met nearly three-quarters of China’s domestic EV battery demand, and reached 80% of batteries sold in China in November and December 2024.
- LFP remained below 10% of U.S. EV battery use in 2024.
- EU LFP adoption grew about 90% for the second consecutive year, exceeding 10% of the EU EV market in 2024.
- LFP exceeded 50% of electric-car battery share in Southeast Asia, Brazil and India in 2024.
- About three-quarters of U.S. EVs equipped with LFP batteries were produced domestically in 2024.
- Nearly two-thirds of EU EVs equipped with LFP batteries were imported from China in 2024.
Source: Electric vehicle batteries — Global EV Outlook 2025.
The IEA reports that battery-pack energy density rose more than 50% for NMC and about 65% for LFP over the historical period described on its page. The opened source passage does not specify the comparison start date, so the period should not be inferred.
Source: How can innovation help secure future battery markets and mineral supplies?.
Battery Storage Adoption, Duration and Grid Applications
Global power-sector battery storage additions exceeded 40 GW in 2023, twice the 2022 increase. Utility-scale projects represented 65% of additions, leaving 35% behind the meter.
Source: Status of battery demand and supply — Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions.
Battery storage deployment accelerated further in 2025. Worldwide additions reached 108 GW, 40% above 2024; LFP represented around 90% of deployments, up from below 50% approximately five years earlier.
About 80% of new capacity was utility-scale, and China accounted for around 60% of global additions.
Battery-based UPS capacity additions rose 30% to 45 GW in 2025. UPS is short-duration outage backup and is therefore distinct from battery-storage systems used for power-sector applications.
Source: Technology: Battery storage — Global Energy Review 2026.
The IEA targets a sixfold increase in global energy-storage capacity to 1,500 GW by 2030 for rapid solar and wind deployment. In the Net Zero Emissions scenario, batteries account for 90% of storage growth and reach 1,200 GW by 2030; this includes utility-scale and behind-the-meter storage.
Source: Outlook for battery demand and supply — Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions.
Battery Costs, Investment and Outlook Statistics
Average battery costs fell 90% from 2010 to 2023 or early 2024, according to IEA reporting. The exact endpoint varies by page context, and the decline is attributed to chemistry and manufacturing advances rather than a single market-price observation.
Global battery investment reached USD 150 billion in 2023, including about USD 115 billion for EV batteries. China, Europe and the United States together represented more than 90% of that investment.
Source: Status of battery demand and supply — Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions.
| Investment or outcome measure | Period | Reported result |
|---|---|---|
| Global battery investment | 2023 | USD 150 billion |
| EV-battery investment | 2023 | About USD 115 billion |
| China, Europe and U.S. share | 2023 | More than 90% |
| NZE battery investment requirement | 2030 scenario | USD 800 billion |
The Net Zero Emissions scenario requires battery investment to reach USD 800 billion by 2030, described as 400% above 2023. This is a scenario investment requirement, not realized spending.
Battery-storage innovation could reduce total power-sector capital costs by up to 40% by 2030 in the Stated Policies Scenario. EV and storage batteries are directly linked to close to 20% of the CO2 reductions needed in 2030 on the net-zero pathway; both figures are IEA scenario estimates.
Source: Outlook for battery demand and supply — Batteries and Secure Energy Transitions.
Battery Innovation, Solid-State and Sodium-Ion Technology Data
Technology development remains concentrated in lithium-ion capacity, even as solid-state and sodium-ion projects expand. In the 2024 capacity context, solid-state projects that were installed, under construction or at final investment decision represented 1% of total battery manufacturing capacity.
- China hosted 80% of solid-state projects in those capacity-status categories.
- Sodium-ion capacity in the same categories represented 4% of total battery manufacturing capacity and was almost exclusively in China.
- The remaining 95% of capacity was planned for lithium-ion batteries.
Source: How can innovation help secure future battery markets and mineral supplies?.
BYD and CATL batteries released in early 2025 could add 400–500 km of range in five minutes. This is a company technology claim reported by the IEA, not a fleet-average result.
CATL reported more than USD 2.5 billion in R&D spending and more than 20,000 researchers in 2024. Battery-startup equity fundraising fell from over USD 7 billion at its 2021 peak to about USD 2 billion in 2024, measuring equity fundraising rather than total battery R&D funding.
Source: How can innovation help secure future battery markets and mineral supplies?.
The U.S. Department of Energy’s 2022 assessment covered nine energy-storage technology families, adding zinc, thermal and gravitational storage to six previously assessed technologies. It analyzed systems at 2–10 hours and added 24-hour and 100-hour durations; these are assessment boundaries, not market-adoption results.
The Long-Duration Storage Shot targets a 90% cost reduction for systems delivering more than 10 hours within one decade of its 2021 launch. That figure is a U.S. policy target rather than achieved performance.
Source: 2022 Grid Energy Storage Technology Cost and Performance Assessment.